Nutrition

Supporting Young Athletes: Nutrition and the Role of Creatine

As youth athletes strive to enhance their performance, understanding proper nutrition and supplementation becomes essential. For young athletes involved in intense training, the right dietary choices can make a significant difference in their athletic development. Here, we’ll explore the importance of nutrition for muscle growth, the role of creatine, and considerations for its safe use.

The Importance of Nutrition for Young Athletes

Youth athletes often face high training demands, balancing school, sports, and recovery. Meeting nutritional needs is crucial for optimal performance and muscle development.

  1. Macronutrient Breakdown: To support lean muscle mass, a well-rounded diet should include adequate protein, carbohydrates, and fats:

    • Protein: Aim for 1.4-2.0 grams per kilogram of body weight. Protein aids in muscle repair and growth, which is essential for resistance training sessions.

    • Carbohydrates:

      • For athletes training 1-3 hours per day, a target of 6-10 grams per kilogram of body weight is beneficial to ensure adequate energy levels.

      • For those training approximately 60 minutes per day, a target of 5-7 grams per kilogram of body weight is usually sufficient to support energy needs.

    • Fats: Healthy fats should make up about 25-30% of total daily caloric intake, supporting overall health and hormone production.

  2. Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is crucial, particularly when engaging in intense training sessions. Proper hydration supports recovery and performance.

  3. Recovery: Emphasizing rest and recovery is essential for young athletes. Quality sleep and active recovery days help the body adapt and grow stronger.

The Role of Creatine

Creatine is one of the most researched supplements in sports nutrition, known for its potential to enhance strength and muscle mass. While typically associated with older athletes, creatine can be safe and beneficial for youth athletes when used responsibly.

  1. Safety and Dosage: Recent research indicates that a daily dose of 3-5 grams of creatine monohydrate is sufficient for young athletes. Unlike previous recommendations, a loading phase is no longer necessary. It’s important to monitor hydration levels, as creatine can cause muscles to retain water.

  2. Benefits: For young athletes, creatine can support:

    • Increased power output during resistance training.

    • Improved recovery between training sessions.

    • Enhanced overall performance in sports.

  3. Consultation: Before starting any supplementation, it's wise to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and training goals.

ConclusioN

For young athletes committed to improving their performance, nutrition plays a pivotal role in their development. By focusing on a balanced diet and considering safe supplementation options like creatine, young athletes can effectively support their training and growth.

Note: These recommendations are general and may not be suitable for everyone. It's always best to consult with a registered dietitian or healthcare professional to tailor nutrition plans to individual needs.

Maintaining a foundation of proper nutrition, hydration, and recovery is crucial to long-term success in sports.

The Power of Creatine: A Must-Have Supplement for All

Introduction

In the dynamic landscape of fitness and wellness, one supplement consistently outshines the rest in terms of proven benefits: creatine. This blog post will delve into the intricacies of creatine, demystifying its nature, examining the optimal dosage—taking into account the evolving research and highlighting why it holds the prestigious title of the safest and most extensively researched supplement in history. We will also explore its pivotal role in mitigating sarcopenia (muscle loss) among older adults, the groundbreaking research suggesting positive impacts on brain health and cognition, the remarkable synergy it shares with strength training, and its association with potentially improving bone health, particularly in defying the aging process.


Creatine 101: Navigating the Basics

Creatine, a naturally occurring compound found in certain foods and synthesized within the body, has become a cornerstone in the fitness world. Its primary function lies in energy production during high-intensity activities by replenishing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's energy currency.


Proper Dosage: A Shift in Perspective

Traditionally, creatine supplementation has involved a loading phase, where individuals consume higher doses for a brief period before settling into a maintenance phase. However, recent research challenges this approach. Current findings suggest that a loading phase may not be necessary, and individuals can achieve optimal creatine levels through a consistent, lower daily dosage—typically in the range of 3-5 grams.


Safety First: The Gold Standard of Supplements

Creatine's safety profile is unparalleled in the world of supplements. Extensive research supports its long-term use, with minimal side effects, often limited to mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some users. As a testament to its safety, creatine has become a staple not only for athletes but also for those seeking a reliable and risk-free supplement to enhance their overall well-being.


Sarcopenia and Creatine: Defying the Aging Process

Before delving into creatine's role, let's understand sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, a condition that can significantly impact an individual's mobility, independence, and overall quality of life. The synergy between creatine supplementation and resistance training proves instrumental in preserving muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity in the elderly. This not only addresses the physical aspects of aging but can also contribute to a higher quality of life by reducing the risk of falls and fractures associated with muscle weakness.


Defying the Aging Process: A Boost for Bone Density

In the quest to defy the aging process, creatine's benefits extend beyond muscle preservation. Recent research suggests a positive association between creatine supplementation and improved bone health in the elderly. While the effects may not be pronounced with low doses and without resistance training, higher doses and the implementation of an appropriate resistance training program could prove to be the missing link. The potential for enhanced bone density adds another layer to creatine's role in promoting overall skeletal health, complementing its established benefits in muscle preservation.


Unlocking Strength: The Synergy of Creatine and Strength Training

When it comes to maximizing strength gains and optimizing performance, few natural combinations prove as potent as creatine supplementation paired with strength training. This dynamic duo has garnered attention and acclaim for its remarkable synergistic effects, offering a multitude of benefits that go beyond what either element can achieve in isolation.

1. Enhanced Muscle Creatine Phosphate Stores:

Creatine is stored in muscles as creatine phosphate, a crucial component in the rapid production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. Supplementing with creatine increases the muscle's creatine phosphate stores, enabling more rapid and sustained energy production during high-intensity activities such as strength training. This heightened energy availability translates into increased power and endurance, allowing for more prolonged and intense training sessions.

2. Improved Strength and Power Output:

Strength training aims to stimulate muscle growth and increase power and force production. Creatine supplementation complements these goals by enhancing the muscle's ability to generate energy, leading to improved strength and power output. Athletes and fitness enthusiasts often experience an increase in the number of repetitions they can perform and the amount of weight they can lift, ultimately contributing to more significant gains in muscle mass and overall strength.

3. Faster Recovery and Reduced Fatigue:

Intense strength training sessions can induce muscle fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Creatine's role in replenishing ATP rapidly aids in recovery between sets and workouts. Individuals supplementing with creatine often report reduced muscle soreness, allowing for quicker return to training and overall better adherence to a consistent training routine.

4. Increased Lean Muscle Mass:

Strength training, combined with creatine supplementation, becomes a potent catalyst for muscle growth. The increased workload and enhanced recovery provided by creatine contribute to the development of lean muscle mass. This not only improves physical appearance but also boosts metabolism, promoting a more efficient calorie burn and supporting long-term weight management goals.

5. Adaptations at the Cellular Level:

Creatine's impact extends beyond immediate energy production. It triggers cellular adaptations, such as increased water content in muscle cells (cell volumization), which creates an optimal environment for muscle growth. Additionally, creatine has been shown to promote the synthesis of certain proteins involved in muscle repair and hypertrophy.

6. Versatility in Training Modalities:

Whether engaged in traditional weightlifting, bodyweight exercises, or a particular sport, creatine proves versatile in enhancing various forms of training and sports performance. Its benefits are not limited to a specific training style, making it a valuable asset for individuals pursuing diverse fitness and athletic goals.


Unlocking Cognitive Potential: Creatine and Brain Health

Beyond its physical benefits, creatine's influence extends to the realm of cognitive function and brain health. Recent studies suggest that creatine supplementation may enhance memory, attention, and overall cognitive performance. The neuroprotective properties of creatine make it a promising avenue for preventing neurodegenerative diseases and addressing age-related cognitive decline.


Conclusion

In the realm of supplements, few have endured the scrutiny of time like creatine. With over 30 years of rigorous research vouching for its safety and effectiveness, there's practically no reason not to consider creatine as a fundamental part of your routine.

To sum it up, creatine's established history includes muscle preservation, potential cognitive benefits, improvements in bone health and an enhancement in physical performance when coupled with strength training. With a safety profile that stands out, creatine monohydrate emerges as a straightforward choice for those seeking its benefits.

In essence, creatine isn't a miracle worker; it's a tried-and-true companion, helping you inch closer to your health and fitness goals by contributing to a healthier, stronger, and more resilient you.

Protein for Lean Muscle Mass and Strength

Are you eating enough protein?

Most people, in particular athletes and active individuals do not consume enough protein.

Please note, that everyone is individual and I am providing information based on current research.  For specific recommendations based on your own needs, please consult a registered dietician (RD).

(And in my opinion if you are a vegan/vegetarian athlete I would highly recommend working with an RD to make sure you are consuming enough.)

 

How much protein should active adults/athletes consume?

Active adults/athletes should consume 1.6 -2.2 grams/Kg/day spread across 4 or more meals/feedings.  This can be more or less depending on what your needs are.

Daily Protein Consumption for Athletes Based on Body Weight

 

How much protein should you eat per meal?

For maximal stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), individuals should aim for:

0.4–0.6 g/kg/meal of quality protein (found in meat, eggs, and dairy).

0.24 to 0.40 grams/kg/meal for most young adults

0.4 to 0.6 grams/kg/meal for older adults*

 

*Older adults need more protein due to muscle atrophy/sarcopenia - which is the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. As you age it becomes harder to build muscle mass so you need to consume more protein to stimulate MPS.  (Ideally the additional protein should be paired with resistance training.)

 

 Can you eat too much protein?

It was previously thought that consuming an excess amount of protein would be wasted and excreted through your urine. However, that is from previous research 30+ years ago that believed that the increased amounts of nitrogen in urine was thought to be from excess protein consumption, in which case the protein was being wasted. This has since been refuted and the increased amounts of nitrogen actually represent an increase of the breakdown of your damaged or oxidized protein (which is a good thing - out with the old and in with the new!). Essentially, what is happening is that when you eat more protein, your body can replace more of its damaged or oxidized proteins, so that your protein synthesis (building) and breakdown are both increased.

 Therefore there is no downside to eating more protein (other than pushing you over your caloric goal if you are trying to be in a deficit). So have at her and let’s all eat some more protein!!

 References:

Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, Schoenfeld BJ, Henselmans M, Helms E, Aragon AA, Devries MC, Banfield L, Krieger JW, Phillips SMA systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adultsBr J Sports Med.(2018 Mar)

Moore DR, Churchward-Venne TA, Witard O, Breen L, Burd NA, Tipton KD, Phillips SMProtein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger menJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.(2015 Jan)

Morton RW, McGlory C, Phillips SMNutritional interventions to augment resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophyFront Physiol.(2015 Sep 3)

Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AAHow much protein can the body use in a single meal for muscle-building? Implications for daily protein distributionJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2018 Feb 27)

Amateur Boxing Off-Season Nutrition and Supplement Recommendations

Note that this is not medical advice, the information being shared here is from my research and information that I gained during my sport performance nutrition class. I highly recommend that you consult a Registered Dietician (RD) to assist you with your nutritional and supplemental needs that are required for your sport. As a retired athlete, looking back on my athletic career, my biggest regret was not working with an RD, especially because I was competing in a weight class sport.

Below is an infographic that you can use as a resource for nutritional and supplement recommendations for amateur boxing. It is labelled as off season because trying new supplements mid-season is not recommended. In the off season, you can see how your body responds to the supplement(s) and if they are appropriate for you. Remember that everyones needs are individual and there is never a one size fits all approach.